Haj, Handicap inside Antiquity, q
Journal of Western Oriental Community 58: 235-forty. Heading representations from Mani or Manes, c. 216-276 Ce, try chatted about, that have said of your own culture noted by the al-Nadim (writing c. 987 Ce) you to Mani is lame both in legs or in his best leg. That lifestyle was supported by retranslation of a term from inside the the new Pahlavi Denkart (3.two hundred, 1-13) (see Dinkard, above), using the identity ‘broken’ or ‘crippled’ to Mani (discover lower than, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).
Here, according to Michael Dols, the guy talked about “physical infirmities like surface issues, lameness, paralysis, and you can deafness and personal properties for example hair loss, leanness, and you can ugliness
Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr container Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [Brand new Lepers, new Lame, the fresh Blind, while the Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) is a respected, important and you can notably ugly author with ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), at Basra (now in the Iraq), whoever performs might have been much quoted along side Arab world. ” His aim would be to show that “physical infirmities and you can distinct features do not obstruct one out of are a fully effective person in new Muslim society or club him out of very important organizations. Al-Jahiz was able one actual conditions aren’t social stigmas however they are exactly what are entitled signs and symptoms of divine true blessing otherwise choose.” (Meters Dols, 1983, The latest leper inside Gothic Islamic neighborhood. Speculum 58: 891-916, toward p. 901) Even with his or her own exposure to bad social reactions, al-Jahiz in one of his finest-understood performs, ‘The Wonders out of Creation’, penned harshly on the societal regions of deafness. Aside from the deaf individuals loss of music, “Everyone is bored stiff in his company and then he is a burden on it. They are unable to pay attention to the man’s stories and you will talks. Even in the event introduce it’s as though he were missing, and though real time it’s because if the guy was basically dead.” (quoted of the F. v., p. 159). Find next issues. Another commentator notes that “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is among the most tough functions Jahiz, and its situation is virtually unique for the historic Arabic books. (Truth be told there will not be seemingly an English translation offered at present).
JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Lifestyle for the Ancient India since the Illustrated on the Jain Canons. Bombay: The latest Book Team. Diseases and you can therapy, plus individuals disabilities, out-of Jaina supplies (pp. 178-81). Those with disabilities, and mental retardation, try excluded from joining spiritual purchases (194). Select Tattvartha Sutra, below; as well as second a few situations).
[JAINA Texts] Gaina Sutras interpreted off Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, 2 vols, (1884 and you may 1895), SBE twenty-two & 45 Г‡ince kadД±nlar iГ§in tanД±Еџma siteleri, Oxford: Clarendon. [The SBE collection used an italicised ‘G’ in the place of ‘J’, definitely factors. Here ‘Gaina’ has been reinserted from the regular alphabetical purchase to possess benefits.] – The fresh Akaranga Sutra (when you look at the vol. I), out of even the fifth century Ce, gave classes to own a great holy and you may harmless existence. Handicap and you may disability appear, e.g. “toward damage of perceptions of your own ear, vision, organs off smelling, sampling, coming in contact with, a man will get familiar with the new refuse of lifetime” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk We (2) 1]. Fruits of wrong acts when you look at the before existence is: “Boils and you may leprosy, consumption, losing sickness, loss of sight and you may hardness, lameness and you may humpbackedness, Dropsy and you will dumbness, look! apoplexy (?) and you can eye-disease, trembling and you can crippledness, elephantiasis and you can all forms of diabetes, They are the sixteen ailment specified during the due purchase; along with all of them of numerous problems and you can injuries are present.” (I: 54) [Bk We (6) step one.] Yet , best-minded some body is take care to have fun with harmless conditions whenever meeting anyone with such as for instance standards. They “must not talk of them similar to this: ‘He ‘s got comes or leprosy, etc [incorporating the fresh new terms shown a lot more than]; their hands was cut, or their feet, nostrils, ear canal, lip is clipped.’ To possess since the every such people, spoken in order to this kind of words, be mad, and this, provided better, they want to perhaps not talk to them this kind of vocabulary.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) dos.] – The Uttaradhyayana Sutra (in the Vol. II) and additionally notes disability having age, “If for example the body increases dated, and your locks turns white, the efficacy of the ears reduces”, similarly towards the vision, nostrils, tongue, reach (II: p. 44) [chapter X]. – The new Sutrakritanga Sutra (during the Vol. II) states into the passageway new “blind-produced guy” (p. 243), and you may “guys just who walk on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering immediately following marriage was cautioned of your terrible disablement of you to definitely state: are ordered on out-of beginning right up until midnight because of the partner, together with remaining nights relaxing babies and you can laundry the nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks who indulge in sensual delights try assured however tough pain when they perish; and it “was born deaf-and-dumb, otherwise blind [footnote: often blind because of the birth, or seriously dumb otherwise unaware], otherwise foolish by beginning.” (p. 363; equivalent on the pp. 367, 430) [Bk dos (2); and you may 2 (7)].
